2017/2018 NECO Agricultural Science Answer

2ai)
i)It depletes soil nutrients
ii)It destroys crops

2aii)
i)It makes it difficult for farmers to transport there goods to the market
ii)It makes it difficult for extension workers to access the rural farmers and educate them.

2b)
i)Non members of the community cannot have access to the land for farming
ii)It cannot be used as security to obtain loan in bank
iii)Increase in population tends to reduce the size of farmland shared to each member

2c)
Shifting cultivation is an agricultural system in which plots of land are cultivated temporarily, then abandoned and allowed to revert to their natural vegetation while the cultivator moves on to another plot. While Bush fallowing is a system of farming whereby the farmer cultivates one piece of land for some years and later leave it for some years with the aim of restoring the fertility of the soil naturally.

2d)
iWatering can
ii)Harvesting knife
iii)Sickle
iv)hand trowel

2e)
Area=length x breadth
Area = 200 x 400
Area = 80000m2T


SECTION B
3a)
i)Use of organic matter
ii)Planting of cover crops
iii)Mixed cropping
iv)Land use planning

3bi)
Monocropping is an agricultural practice in which the same crop is planted year after year, without practicing crop rotation or resting the soil while monoculture is the agricultural practice of producing or growing a single crop, plant, or livestock species, variety, or breed in a field or farming system at a time.

3bii)
mixed farming is the process of growing cops and feeding livestock while Mixed cropping is growing of two or more crops simultaneously on the same piece of land.

3c)
i)Expansive land leveling is not required.
ii)Water saving irrigation intensity can be changed in accordance with the infiltration capacity of soil.
iii)High efficiency due to uniform water distribution.
iv)No special skills trained personal can operate the system reasonably well.

3di)
i)NPK compound fertilizer
ii)NPK Mg compound fertilizer fertilizer
3dii)
i)NPK Mg compound fertilizer
ii)NPK compound fertilizer


SECTION C
5a)
Crop rotation is The successive planting of different crops on the same land to maintain soil fertility and help control insects and diseases.

5b)
i)It serves as food for man
ii)Some weeds are used for medicinal purposes
iii)Weeds Add Organic Matter and Nutrients to the Soil:
iv)Weeds helps to control Wind, Water and Soil Erosion.

5c)
i)Overgrazing
ii)Climatic and weather conditions
iii)Soil texture and structure

5d)
i)They are used for decorations
ii)Some of them serves as food for man and animals
iii)They are used as scent plants for their fragrance

5e)
pre-planting activities are farm activities carried out before rubber plantation e.g land clearing while post planting activities are activities carried out after planting e.g siping


SECTION D
8a)
i)Presence of pathogens on the farm
ii)poor management and hygiene conditions of the animals
iii)Overstocking of animals

8b)
Diet is the sum of food consumed by an animal while ration is the daily feed portion prepared from various feeds according to various animals’ requirements.

8c)
i)Soil nature
ii)Accessibility
iii)Availability of water supply
iv)Climatic and weather conditions

8d)
i)It causes diseases to farm animals
ii)It reduces farmers income
iii)It reduces the quality of farm animals and eventually leads to death

8ei)
Bacteria

8eii)
sudden onset of fever and difficulty in breathing.

8eiii)
Feeding on contaminated feed

8eiv)
Through the identification of infested areas and use of insecticide


SECTION E
9ai)
Supply in agricultural economics refers to the quantity of a good that the producer plans to sell in the market.

9aii)
i)Climatic conditions.
ii)Improvements in technology.
iii)The rate of supply of a related good
iv)Costs of production I.e cost of rearing cow
v)The number of producer I.e cow rearers.

9b)
i)to maintain affordability of goods
ii)To prevent inflation
iii)To ensure a minimum income for providers of certain goods or a minimum wage.

9ci)
-Advantage-
i)time savings compared with individual extension
ii)It is cheaper.

-Disadvantage-
i)It is not for communicating complex subject matters
ii)It is not easy to gather the target group and requires more skills.

9cii)
i)Extension and rural women
ii)Extension and rural youth



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